Summer-born children more likely to struggle with basic skills, figures suggest

Youngsters born in the summer are less likely to have a ‘good level of development’ at age five than those with autumn birthdays, figures suggest.

More than a third of summer-born children are struggling with key skills including communication and basic maths and literacy at age five, figures suggest.

Youngsters born in the summer months are less likely to be considered to have a “good level of development” in core areas than those born in the autumn, at the start of the academic year, according to government data.

Early years experts said there is a “wealth of evidence” that a child’s month of birth has an impact on academic grades and sporting achievements.

The latest Department for Education (DfE) data shows that in 2019, 62% of children in England born between May and August had a “good level of development” based on teacher assessment at the end of Reception – the first year of school – meaning 38% did not reach this level.

62%
Proportion of summer-born children reaching a 'good level of development' at age fiveDfE statistics

In comparison, 81% of their classmates born between September and December had a good level of development – a 19 percentage point gap.

The statistics also show that 61% of summer-born children were achieving the expected level in all the early learning goals, compared with 79% of those born in the autumn (a gap of 18 percentage points).

There are 17 early learning goals in total, which come under seven broad areas. Along with the five areas included in the “good level of achievement”, these are understanding the world and expressive arts and design.

There is a wealth of evidence that the month you were born can impact the grade you get and your sporting prowessMichael Freeston, Early Years Alliance

“The reason these children struggle is simple enough. If you’re just four years old when you start school, you could be up to 20% younger than your peers.

“That’s 20% less life experience and 20% less time to develop physically and emotionally. Perhaps most crucially, it’s a lot less time in early education – it makes it almost inevitable that a gap will develop.”

Pauline Hull, leader of the Summer Born campaign group, said: “The results of these tests are showing us what we know, and actually demonstrate that yes, if they have more time to physically and cognitively develop, then they would be better ready for school, and that is something no pre-school, no parent, no system can accelerate.

“It’s very often a natural, physical, mental development that needs to just happen with time.”

A Department for Education spokesman said it is “perfectly normal to see younger children performing less well in early years”, adding that evidence shows these children make faster progress, with the gap narrowing as youngsters move up through primary school.

“We have given schools and councils clear advice on how to support parents who want to delay their child’s admission to reception until age five, to ensure decisions are made in every child’s best interests, and we remain committed to amending the School Admissions Code as soon as possible,” the spokesman said.